Dexmedetomidine Versus Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Adjuvants are commonly used with local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block to enhance block quality and prolong postoperative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone are frequently used agents, but their comparative efficacy remains an area of ongoing research.

Objective: To compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as adjuvants to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block in terms of onset, duration, and analgesic profile.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at PMCH, Patna, from January 2025 to December 2025. A total of 100 patients undergoing upper limb surgeries were included and divided into two groups: Group DEX (dexmedetomidine, n=50) and Group DEXA (dexamethasone, n=50). Data on onset time, duration of sensory and motor block, and duration of analgesia were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test and chi-square test.

Results: Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced onset time and prolonged duration of sensory and motor block compared to dexamethasone (p < 0.001). Duration of analgesia was also significantly longer in the dexmedetomidine group.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine appears to be a superior adjuvant compared to dexamethasone in supraclavicular brachial plexus block, providing faster onset and prolonged analgesia.

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, brachial plexus block, analgesia, regional anesthesia