International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Surgical Management of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF) in the Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fractures: Serial Case Report

Garibaldi Silvanus Hendra — 2025-10-30

Background: The mandibular condyle is part of the temporomandibular joint with regular movements of rotation and translation simultaneously on the right and left sides when opening or closing the mouth. Mandibular condyle fractures can cause long-term complications such as malocclusion, open bite, reduced posterior facial height, facial asymmetry and limited mouth opening. Management of mandibular condyle fractures is still debatable between closed reduction or open reduction depending on the case. In some cases, combination of closed reduction and open reduction was reported. Immediate and appropriate treatment can prevent complications. This serial case report describes the successful treatment of a condyle fracture with open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF). Case report: This case report discusses three cases of mandibular condyle fracture. Our three patients underwent surgical treatment procedures, which is open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with an extraoral approach. Postoperative follow-up showed the patient was in good condition, good occlusion and no significant complications. Conclusion: Mandibular condyle fracture is one of the facial bone fractures that often occurs and is difficult to treat. Immediate treatment with appropriate open reduction internal fixation in both cases resulted in good anatomical shape and function of the temporomandibular joint.

Keywords: Mandibular Condyle Fracture, Mandibular Fracture, Open Reduction Internal Fixation, ORIF

Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis at a Tertiary Care Health Centre in Bihar

Rajeev Kumar — 2025-09-24

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory nasal disorder mediated by IgE and is becoming increasingly common worldwide. Apart from its role in calcium metabolism, vitamin D has regulatory functions in immunity that may influence AR severity.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between an individual's severity of allergic rhinitis and their serum vitamin D levels.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted over the course of year the IGIMS, Patna. A total of 156 patients with clinically diagnosed AR were included after informed consent. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was estimated using the Architect Abbott i2000 CMIA system. Patients with comorbidities or taking drugs affecting vitamin D were excluded. GraphPad Prism 8.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Most AR patients were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). Those with deficiency had a significantly higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe persistent AR compared to individuals with sufficient levels (>30 ng/mL). An inverse correlation between vitamin D concentration and AR severity was observed (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among allergic rhinitis patients in Bihar and is strongly linked with more severe disease. Incorporating vitamin D screening and correction into routine management may help improve clinical outcomes

An Overview of contrast Induce Acute kidney injury

R.K Jha — 2025-09-29

The risk of contrast induced Acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is high in CKD & diabetic patient as compared to general population. It is the third most cause of Hospital acquired AKI. Pathogenesis is not clear but there is role of direct & indirect cytotoxicity of contrast media, oxidative stress & as well as of micro-RNA. There is no specific therapy of CI-AKI, hence prevention is the cornerstone of management. Except hydration therapy all other pharmacotherapy has been failed to prove beneficial effect in preventing CI-AKI in many RCT & meta-analyses.

Keywords: contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), pathogenesis, contrast media

Prevalence of altered vibration perception and Orthostatic Hypotension in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study in a manufacturing unit

Soumya Smruti Parida — 2025-10-08

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a variety of vascular complications, including Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), which affects over 40% of patients within 10 years of diagnosis. Undiagnosed DPN can significantly diminish quality of life and increase mortality. For early prognosis, plantar Vibration Perception Threshold is considered an important indicator for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Assessment of Serum Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Levels in Patients with Thyroid Disorders: A Hospital-Based Study from Bihar

Parmanand Raju — 2025-10-15

Background: Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide, with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism producing systemic metabolic effects. Thyroid hormones influence nearly all metabolic pathways, and their imbalance often leads to muscular involvement. Serum enzyme markers such as Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) reflect these muscular and metabolic changes and may serve as useful adjuncts in evaluating thyroid disease severity.

Aim: To evaluate and compare serum levels of CK and LDH in patients with thyroid disorders and healthy controls, and to assess their correlation with thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3, and T4).

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry and Endocrinology, IGIMS, Patna, over a period of 18 months (February 2020–July 2021). A total of 150 participants were enrolled, including 100 cases (70 hypothyroid, 30 hyperthyroid) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum TSH, total T3, and T4 were estimated by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) on Abbott Architect i2000SR, while CK and LDH were measured using Beckman Coulter AU5800 based on the IFCC method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0, applying t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean serum TSH was significantly higher in hypothyroid patients (18.9 ± 9.4 µIU/mL) and lower in hyperthyroid patients (0.16 ± 0.08 µIU/mL) compared to controls (2.6 ± 1.2 µIU/mL). Serum CK and LDH levels were markedly elevated in hypothyroid patients (246.8 ± 88.6 IU/L and 384.5 ± 105.4 IU/L, respectively) compared to controls (109.2 ± 42.3 IU/L and 172.4 ± 33.7 IU/L; p < 0.001). Hyperthyroid patients showed decreased CK (78.4 ± 29.1 IU/L) but mildly elevated LDH (265.7 ± 58.2 IU/L). CK and LDH correlated positively with TSH (r = +0.74 and +0.61, respectively) and negatively with T3 and T4 levels (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Serum CK and LDH levels are significantly increased in hypothyroid patients, indicating skeletal muscle involvement and metabolic disturbance. These enzymes correlate strongly with thyroid dysfunction severity and may serve as valuable adjuncts in assessing muscular and metabolic changes associated with thyroid disorders.

Recommendations: Routine estimation of CK and LDH in thyroid patients is recommended to detect early myopathic involvement, monitor disease progression, and assess treatment response, particularly in overt hypothyroidism.

Keywords: Thyroid disorders; Hypothyroidism; Creatine kinase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Muscle enzymes.

Diagnostic Markers of Neonatal Sepsis

Shambhavi Sharan — 2025-11-06

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing nations like India. Early diagnosis remains a challenge due to nonspecific clinical manifestations and limitations of conventional diagnostic tests.

Aim: To review and summarize the current and emerging diagnostic markers of neonatal sepsis, with a focus on their diagnostic accuracy, feasibility, and applicability in the Indian healthcare context.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for studies published between 2018 and 2025. Relevant keywords included neonatal sepsis, diagnostic markers, biomarkers, CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6, CD64, and molecular diagnostics. Both traditional and novel markers were evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utility. Studies from India were particularly emphasized to highlight region-specific challenges and ICMR-supported research initiatives.

Results: Traditional markers like CRP and TLC remain widely used but exhibit low specificity. Novel biomarkers such as procalcitonin, IL-6, IL-8, CD64, presepsin, and neopterin show promising diagnostic potential, especially when used in combination. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, microRNA profiling, and point-of-care biosensorsoffer rapid and accurate detection capabilities.

Conclusion: Combining multiple biomarkers with advanced diagnostic platforms can substantially improve early detection and management of neonatal sepsis. Support from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Government of India in validating and deploying low-cost diagnostic assays is essential to strengthen neonatal healthcare infrastructure.

Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, Diagnostic markers, Biomarkers, Procalcitonin, ICMR, India