International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Management of Multiple Fractures of the Parasymphysis and Angle of the Mandible

Endang Sjamsudin — 2024-08-20

Introduction: Mandibular fracture is a fracture that often occurs in maxillofacial trauma. Fracture locations most often occur in the parasymphysis region and combined angle- parasymphysis fractures. Multiple mandibular fractures usually cause facial asymmetry and are challenging to reduce. Fracture treatment must be carried out immediately to restore function and aesthetics. This case report aims to discuss managing multiple mandibular fractures in the angulus and parasymphysis regions of the mandible.

Case report: A 13-year-old male patient came to the emergency room at Hasan Sadikin Hospital with bleeding from the mouth caused by a two-wheeled traffic accident. Clinical and radiographic examination results revealed a fracture of the right para symphysis and left mandibular angle. The procedure carried out is Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF).

Discussion: Mandibular fractures often occur, and the leading cause is usually caused by driving accidents. Clinical examination and radiographs are needed so appropriate treatment can be carried out. In this case, treatment involves open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) extra and intra-oral approaches. Installation of 2 mini plates each in the symphysis region and angle of the mandible.

Conclusion: Treatment for multiple fractures that occurred in the maxillofacial area, in this case, was internal fixation with open reduction (ORIF). The results of the treatment showed facial symmetry and normal chewing function.

Keywords: Trauma, mandibular fracture, angulus, para symphysis, ORIF

Effect of Different Breathing Patterns on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response to Resisted Exercises in Females Within the Age Group of 25 to 35 Years

Rutba Rasheed — 2024-08-25

Introduction: Blood pressure and heart rate increases in individuals while performing heavy resisted exercises but acquiring different breathing patterns during exercise shows its effect on blood pressure and heart rate, it may or may not exaggerate. Inhalation or exhalation when coupled with concentric phase of resisted exercise may or may not show similar blood pressure response as compare to inhalation or exhalation when coupled with eccentric phase of resisted exercise whereas Valsalva maneuver can exaggerate the blood pressure response.

Objective: To study the inhalation, exhalation and Valsalva maneuver on systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate.

Research Design: Quasi experimental.

Methodology: 30 female subjects were taken which were asked to do a set of bicep curls with 3 different patterns of breathing with each pattern performed on a separate day. Then the recordings were taken and calculated to see in which pattern of breathing blood pressure and heart rate rises.

Result: ANOVA was used and the result showed that diastolic blood pressure increases while exhalation coupled with the concentric phase and inhalation coupled with the eccentric Phase but there is a marked increase in diastolic blood pressure during Valsalva maneuver as compared to the inhalation coupled with the concentric phase and exhalation coupled with the eccentric phase. The result showed that the change in the blood pressure due to the different breathing patterns were significant p>0.05

Conclusion: It is concluded that Valsalva maneuver exaggerates the blood pressure response.

Keywords: resisted exercises, Valsalva maneuver, exhalation. breathing patterns.

Prevalence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of The Tongue In Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital During 2017 – 2022

Atikah Mawardhani Putri — 2024-07-15

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the oral cavity, accounting for 90% of all malignancies in the oral cavity. Exposure of the oral epithelium to carcinogenic substances can cause squamous cell carcinoma. This study was show the prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in West Java which is used as education for the prevention of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Purpose: This research is a descriptive study and carried out using purposive sampling method. The sample in this study were patients with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during January 2017 - January 2022 who had been confirmed by histopathological examination results. Data analysis will be carried out on secondary data from collected medical records and the results of the pathologist's interpretation, then the results of the data analysis will be arranged and presented in tabular and percentage form.

Methods: The data obtained were 218 cases. Based on age, the most patients were in the age group above 48 years (58%). Based on gender criteria, it shows more women (57%). Based on domicile criteria, the highest domicile was in Bandung (38%). Based on family history criteria, there were 215 patients with no family history or 99%. Based on the predisposing factor criteria, it shows more patients with a history of chronic irritation (48%). Based on the mass size criteria, it shows more patients with mass size T4 (60%). Based on KGB criteria, it shows more patient showed N1 lymph nodes involvement (63%). Based on tumor metastasis criteria, it shows more patients with Mx tumor metastasis (50%). Based on the therapy status criteria, it shows more patients with combined therapy (32%).

Results: Type the result of your research, including statistical analysis.

Conclusion: Patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma in the tongue are mostly patients over 48 years old with female gender who live in Bandung City, West Java, and have no family history but have predilection factors such as irritation and infection. The size of the tumor mass in patients with squamous cell carcinoma mostly has a mass size > 3 cm, with lymph node involvement mostly on the ipsilateral with a size < 3 cm and metastasis to other organs is difficult to assess due to lack of supporting modalities. The therapy received was mostly combined therapy (surgery and chemotherapy or radiotherapy)

Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, prevalence, patient characteristics

Evolution of the Cardiac Pace Maker and the Implants of Heart- A Narrative Review

Priyankkumar Patel — 2024-07-29

This review article aims to comprehensively elucidate the historical evolution, advancements, efficacy, and safety of traditional and newer pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), in the management of cardiac complications.