Ocular Side Effects of Medications for Anxiety, Depression, and Stress: A Review

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global rise in mental health disorders, prompting increased usage of psychotropic medications. This study examines the ocular side effects associated with these medications in patients diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders.

Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this one-year study conducted at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna. Ocular evaluations were performed to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), mydriasis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and other ocular complications of psychotropic medication use.

Results: The study found that 75% of participants exhibited symptoms of dry eye disease, while 50% experienced mydriasis. Elevated intraocular pressure was observed in 15% of the patients. Additionally, 5% of participants developed acute angle-closure glaucoma, highlighting the significant ocular risks associated with psychotropic medication use.

Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of ocular side effects among patients receiving treatment for anxiety and depression with psychotropic medications. Routine ocular assessments and patient education regarding these side effects are essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications of these medications on ocular health.

Keywords: Ocular Side Effects, Psychotropic Medications, Anxiety Disorders, Depression