Psychiatric Aspects of Ophthalmic Disorders: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety, are common among patients with ophthalmic disorders due to the psychological impact of visual impairment on quality of life. This study aims to explore the prevalence and nature of psychiatric symptoms in patients with various eye conditions.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna, involving 100 patients diagnosed with ophthalmic disorders. Psychiatric assessments were performed using standardized tools, including the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, to evaluate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The impact of visual impairment severity on quality of life was measured using the NEI-VFQ-25.

Results: Depression was present in 40% of patients, and anxiety in 35%. Patients with severe visual impairment reported lower quality of life scores and higher psychiatric symptom severity. Depression was most common in patients with age-related macular degeneration (50%) and diabetic retinopathy (60%), while anxiety was highest among glaucoma patients (48%).

Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidities are prevalent in patients with ophthalmic disorders, highlighting the need for integrated mental health support. Early psychiatric assessment can improve outcomes and quality of life for these patients.

Keywords: Ophthalmic disorders, depression, anxiety, visual impairment