THE OUTLINE OF RISK FACTORS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is universal public health concern. It constitutes about 90% burden of total malignancies around the world. The globally prevalence of OSSC observed around 500,000 new cases per year 2020. The lesion may be present at any site within the oral cavity but commonly involve the lower lip, lateral border of the tongue and the floor of mouth. Tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol consumption are the most common risk factors to develop this lesion. Usage of these harmful agents causing genetic and epi-genetic changes to develop this cancerous lesion in oral cavity or promote the growth of already existing precancerous lesion in the oral cavity. The diagnosis and treatment of this lesion can be possible by using TNM classification and evaluation of stage of the OSCC. First choice treatment of OSCC is the surgical removal of the lesion. Radiotherapy is another choice of noninvasive treatment mode. The mortality rate in general population due to OSCC cannot be completely eradicated but it can be reduced by changing lifestyle modalities and general awareness/education programs.

Keywords: Oral cancer, Oral squamous Cell Carcinoma, Risk Factors, Invasive and Noninvasive Treatment.