Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most serious complications following joint arthroplasty, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and higher healthcare costs. Early diagnosis and understanding of local epidemiology are essential for improving outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical profile, risk factors, microbiological spectrum, and short-term outcomes of patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at PMCH over a period of one year (January 2025–December 2025). Thirty patients diagnosed with PJI based on Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria were included. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory parameters, microbiological findings, and treatment modalities were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests.

Results: The mean age of patients was 62.4 ± 8.9 years, with a male predominance (60%). Knee joint involvement was most common (66.7%). Elevated ESR and CRP were observed in 90% and 93.3% of cases, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism (40%). Statistically significant associations were found between diabetes mellitus and chronic PJI (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Periprosthetic joint infection is strongly associated with comorbidities such as diabetes and is predominantly caused by gram-positive organisms. Early identification and targeted management based on microbiological profile are crucial to improving outcomes.

Keywords: Periprosthetic joint infection, Arthroplasty, Risk factors, Microbiology