Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Emergency Contraceptive Methods among Females Aged 19–40 Years at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India

Abstract

Background: Emergency contraception (EC) is an effective method for preventing unintended pregnancies when used after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure. Despite its availability in India, its utilization remains limited due to inadequate knowledge, unfavorable attitudes, and socio-cultural barriers.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding emergency contraceptive methods among women aged 19–40 years attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, over a period of one year. A total of 150 women aged 19–40 years were included in the analysis. Data were collected using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire covering socio-demographic details and components of knowledge, attitude, and practice related to emergency contraception. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: Although 44% of participants were aware of emergency contraception, correct knowledge regarding timing, safety, and use during breastfeeding was poor. Fear of side effects and misconceptions equating EC with abortion were common attitudinal barriers. Actual use of emergency contraception was reported by only 4.7% of participants. Lack of adequate knowledge and fear of adverse effects were the most common reasons for non-use.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant gap between awareness and actual utilization of emergency contraception among women of reproductive age. Strengthening counseling services and implementing targeted educational interventions at healthcare facilities are essential to improve knowledge, dispel misconceptions, and promote appropriate use of emergency contraceptive methods.