Younger Generation with Family History of Myocardial Infarction: What is to be Checked and Treated- Preventive Aspect

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is increasingly affecting younger individuals, especially those with a positive family history, due to a combination of genetic and modifiable risk factors. Early identification and preventive strategies are essential to reduce the burden of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in this high-risk population.

Aim: To assess clinical, biochemical, and lifestyle-related risk factors among young individuals aged 18–45 years with a family history of MI and to evaluate their awareness and preventive practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Cardiology, ANMMCH, Gaya, involving 200 participants with a first-degree relative who had experienced MI. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. Parameters such as BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose, homocysteine, vitamin D, and B12 levels were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: The mean age of participants was 34.2 ± 6.8 years, with 60% being male. Overweight/obesity was observed in 58% and elevated waist-hip ratio in 61%. Dyslipidemia was prevalent: 65% had high LDL, 58% had low HDL, and 62% had raised triglycerides. Vitamin D deficiency was noted in 71% and elevated homocysteine in 41%. Only 31% of participants were aware of their cardiovascular risk and 22% had undergone prior screening. Logistic regression identified male gender, obesity, smoking, and low HDL as independent predictors of having multiple risk factors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: A significant burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors exists among young individuals with a family history of MI, yet awareness and screening remain low. Early identification and targeted preventive strategies are urgently needed in this high-risk group.

Recommendations: Regular cardiovascular screening, lifestyle counselling, early biochemical risk profiling, and public health initiatives focusing on young high-risk individuals should be implemented at primary and tertiary care levels.

Keywords: Premature myocardial infarction, family history, cardiovascular risk, prevention, young adults.