Assessment of Beta Cell Function by Estimating C-Peptide Levels Among Babies Born to Mothers with Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant condition that affects pregnant women and increases the risk of metabolic disorders in offspring. One of the key factors in assessing fetal pancreatic function is measuring C-peptide levels, a marker for insulin secretion. Elevated C-peptide levels in neonates may indicate hyperinsulinemia resulting from maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy. This study aims to assess beta cell function in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes by measuring neonatal C-peptide levels.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 newborns, born to mothers diagnosed with GDM. C-peptide levels were measured within 24 hours of birth using immunoassay techniques. Data such as birth weight, maternal age, and gestational age were also collected. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal GDM and neonatal C-peptide levels, with a particular focus on the association with birth weight and other perinatal factors.

Results: The mean C-peptide levels in newborns of mothers with GDM were significantly higher compared to those born to non-diabetic mothers (p < 0.05). A strong correlation was found between elevated C-peptide levels and increased birth weight, suggesting a link to fetal insulin overproduction as a response to maternal hyperglycemia.

Conclusion: Elevated C-peptide levels in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes suggest a compensatory beta-cell response to hyperglycemia. This could increase the risk for developing metabolic disorders in the future, warranting early monitoring and intervention for these infants.

Keywords: C-peptide, beta-cell function, gestational diabetes, neonates, insulin, hyperinsulinemia