COMPLICATIONS OF CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER INSERTION: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY IN SURGICAL PATIENT

Abstract

Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is a routine procedure in surgical patients, used for intravenous fluids, medication administration, hemodynamic monitoring, and central venous pressure measurement. However, it is associated with complications that can affect patient outcomes. This study aims to prospectively assess the complications of CVC insertion in surgical patients.

Objective: To determine the frequency, types, and associated risk factors for complications of central venous catheter insertion in surgical patients.

Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Surgery at a tertiary care hospital, enrolling 100 surgical patients who underwent CVC insertion. Data were collected on patient demographics, site of catheter placement, duration of catheterization, and complications such as mechanical, infectious, and thrombotic events. All insertions were performed using ultrasound guidance where available, and patients were followed until catheter removal.

Results: Among the 100 patients, the most common complications were mechanical injuries (12%), infections (10%), and thrombotic events (8%). Mechanical complications included arterial puncture (6%) and catheter malposition (4%). Infectious complications were primarily catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), with a median duration of catheterization of 8 days. Thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis, were noted in 8% of cases. Patients with prolonged catheterization (>10 days) had a higher risk of infectious complications.

Conclusion: Central venous catheter insertion is associated with a variety of complications, with mechanical injury and infections being the most frequent. Proper technique, use of ultrasound guidance, and stringent aseptic measures are essential to minimize risks. Regular monitoring and early removal of the catheter reduce infectious complications.

Keywords: Central venous catheter, complications, mechanical injury, infections, thrombosis, surgical patients