PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND MANAGEMENT OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN A TERTIARY CARE SETTING: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia globally, often leading to significant complications such as stroke and heart failure. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management strategies of AF in patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period. We included adult patients (?18 years) diagnosed with AF based on electrocardiographic criteria. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbid conditions, AF subtype, and management strategies were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to determine prevalence rates and treatment outcomes.

Results: Among 250 patients with AF, the median age was 68 years. The cohort comprised 60% males and 40% females. The distribution of AF subtypes was as follows: 40% paroxysmal, 35% persistent, 15% long-standing persistent, and 10% permanent. Hypertension was present in 68% of patients, and 48% had diabetes mellitus. Anticoagulation therapy was administered to 72% of the patients, while 64% were treated with rate control medications. Rhythm control interventions, such as catheter ablation, were employed in 20% of the patients.

Conclusions: The study revealed a high prevalence of AF among older patients with significant comorbid conditions, including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The management strategies predominantly involved anticoagulation and rate control, with rhythm control being utilized in selected cases. These findings underscore the need for tailored management approaches and highlight the importance of addressing underlying risk factors to improve patient outcomes in AF.

Keywords: Atrial Fibrillation, Prevalence, Anticoagulation, Rate Control, Rhythm Control, Comorbidities.