PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of peripheral neuropathy in patients with T2DM and to identify related risk factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care hospital. Adult patients with T2DM, diagnosed at least one year prior, were included. Exclusion criteria were secondary diabetes, severe chronic illnesses, and recent trauma. Participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including a medical history review, physical and neurological examinations, and diagnostic tests such as the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, vibration perception threshold testing, and nerve conduction studies. Prevalence and risk factors were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Out of 200 patients, 45% were diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy. Sensory neuropathy was the most common (30%), followed by autonomic neuropathy (20%) and motor neuropathy (15%). The median age was 58 years, with a median diabetes duration of 10 years and a median HbA1c level of 8.2%. A higher BMI was associated with increased neuropathy risk.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy among T2DM patients emphasizes the need for early detection and comprehensive management strategies. Improving glycemic control, addressing obesity, and regular screening can help mitigate the impact of neuropathy. Further research is needed to develop effective interventions and preventive measures.

Keywords: Peripheral neuropathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, sensory neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, motor neuropathy