Assessing the Burden of Anemia in Non-Communicable Diseases at a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a prevalent global health issue, significantly affecting patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM), Hypertension (HTN), and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study assessed the burden of anemia in patients with Type 2 DM, HTN, and CAD, and to identify its prevalence, types, and association with these chronic diseases.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 250 patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM, HTN, and CAD. Patients were categorized as anemic based on WHO criteria: males with Hb < 13 gm% and females with Hb < 12 gm%. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Laboratory investigations included Hb, serum creatinine, MCV, MCHC, and reticulocyte count. Statistical analysis was accomplished using chi-square tests and logistic regression to examine associations between anemia and NCDs.

Results: Anemia was prevalent in 80% of the study population, with normocytic anemia being the most common type (45%). Significant correlations were found between anemia and Type 2 DM (p=0.036), HTN (p=0.032), and CAD (p=0.013). Anemic patients had significantly lower Hb levels and MCHC, and higher serum creatinine and reticulocyte counts compared to non-anemic patients.

Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of anemia among patients with NCDs, indicating a critical need for routine screening and integrated management of anemia in this population. Addressing anemia could improve clinical outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals with chronic diseases.

Recommendations: Healthcare providers should implement regular anemia screening for patients with NCDs and adopt integrated care approaches that address both chronic diseases and anemia. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms linking anemia and NCDs and to develop targeted interventions.

Keywords: Anemia, Non-Communicable Diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease..