ENT Manifestations of Sjögren’s Syndrome: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder predominantly affecting exocrine glands, leading to symptoms such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. This review focuses on the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations of SjS, which significantly impact patient quality of life and pose diagnostic challenges.

Aim: The review aims to consolidate current knowledge on the ENT manifestations of SjS, exploring pathophysiological underpinnings, clinical presentations, and treatment strategies, while addressing the diagnostic challenges associated with the disease.

Review Summary: ENT manifestations in SjS include nasal dryness, recurrent sinusitis, otitis, and laryngeal dryness, which may precede other systemic manifestations, aiding in early diagnosis and management. This review highlights the importance of recognizing these symptoms for timely intervention, which can significantly improve disease prognosis.

Future Implications: Understanding ENT manifestations can enhance multidisciplinary management approaches and foster development in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Clinical Policy and Development: Enhanced awareness and training on the ENT aspects of SjS are recommended for healthcare professionals. Development of more sensitive diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans could also address the variability in symptom presentation and response to treatment.

Keywords: Sjögren's Syndrome, ENT Manifestations, Xerostomia, Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Multidisciplinary Management