FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE GALL-BLADDER CALCULUS AT TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTER: A CROSS SECTIONAL RESEARCH FROM CENTRAL INDIA

Abstract

Background: Gall-calculus disease is a chronic recurring hepatobiliary illness characterised by the production of gall-calculus in the hepatic bile duct, common bile duct, or gall-bladder as a result of poor cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acid metabolism.

Aims & objectives: Present research was aimed to research factors associated with the Gall calculus at tertiary health care center.

Material and Methods: Present research was a hospital based, prospective, observational research, conducted in subjects attending the outpatient department or emergency department, with confirmed diagnosis of gall calculus disease.

Results: During research period, 328 cases were studied with confirmed diagnosis of gall-calculus. Majority of subjects were from age group 51-60 years (31.1 %) followed by age group 41-50 years (26.8 %). Females (65.9 %) outnumbered males (34.15 %), male to female ratio was 1:2. Diabetes mellitus (35.4 %), gastro-esophageal reflux disease (34.15 %), hypertension (27.44 %), ischemic heart disease (20.12 %) and renal calculus (10.4 %) were common comorbidities noted among subjects with gall calculus disease. Common clinical symptoms noted among subjects with gall calculus disease were right hypochondrial pain (74.4 %), nausea (49.4 %), epigastric pain (47 %), vomiting (35.4 %) and jaundice (9.15 %). USG findings in majority of subjects multiple calculus (47 %), other findings were two to three calculus (19.5 %), biliary sludge (18.90 %), single calculus (12.80 %), choledocholithiasis (2.44 %) and carcinoma gall bladder (1.22 %). Sedentary lifestyle (67.1 %), female gender (65.9 %), obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) (57.93 %), age > 50 years (40.9 %), family history (38.41 %) was common risk factors noted in subjects with gall calculus disease. Less common risk factors were parity ? 3 (29.27 %), h/o rapid weight loss due to fasting, illness (27.44 %), alcohol drinking (23.17 %), smoking (20.73 %) and drugs like ceftriaxone, octreotide and thiazide diuretics. (6.10 %).

Conclusion: Sedentary lifestyle, female gender, obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2), age > 50 years, family history were common risk factors noted in subjects with gall calculus disease.

Keywords: gall-bladder calculus, sedentary lifestyle, female gender, obesity